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Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Aug 2021Human cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) are immediately recognizable congenital abnormalities of the face. Lip and palate develop from facial primordia through the... (Review)
Review
Human cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) are immediately recognizable congenital abnormalities of the face. Lip and palate develop from facial primordia through the coordinated activities of ectodermal epithelium and neural crest cells (NCCs) derived from ectomesenchyme tissue. Subtle changes in the regulatory mechanisms of NCC or ectodermal epithelial cells can result in CLP. Genetic and environmental contributions or a combination of both play a significant role in the progression of CLP. Model organisms provide us with a wealth of information in understanding the pathophysiology and genetic etiology of this complex disease. Small teleost, zebrafish (Danio rerio) is one of the popular model in craniofacial developmental biology. The short generation time and large number of optically transparent, easily manipulated embryos increase the value of zebrafish to identify novel candidate genes and gene regulatory networks underlying craniofacial development. In addition, it is widely used to identify the mechanisms of environmental teratogens and in therapeutic drug screening. Here, we discuss the value of zebrafish as a model to understand epithelial and NCC induced ectomesenchymal cell activities during early palate morphogenesis and robustness of the zebrafish in modern research on identifying the genetic and environmental etiological factors of CLP.
Topics: Animals; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Neural Crest; Zebrafish
PubMed: 33099891
DOI: 10.1002/ar.24547 -
The Indian Journal of Medical Research Aug 2015
Topics: Acyclovir; Adult; Cheilitis; Herpesviridae; Humans; Male
PubMed: 26354224
DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.164277 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2015
Topics: Adolescent; Cheilitis; Humans; Male; Sialadenitis
PubMed: 25994890
DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.157455 -
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative... Aug 2020Loss of the dental and paradental tissues resulting from trauma, caries or from systemic diseases considered as one of the most significant and frequent clinical problem... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Loss of the dental and paradental tissues resulting from trauma, caries or from systemic diseases considered as one of the most significant and frequent clinical problem to the healthcare professionals. Great attempts have been implemented to recreate functionally, healthy dental and paradental tissues in order to substitute dead and diseased tissues resulting from secondary trauma of car accidents, congenital malformations of cleft lip and palate or due to acquired diseases such as cancer and periodontal involvements.
METHOD
An extensive literature search has been done on PubMed database from 2010 to 2019 about the challenges of engineering a biomimetic tooth (BioTooth) regarding basic biology of the tooth and its supporting structures, strategies, and different techniques of obtaining biological substitutes for dental tissue engineering.
RESULTS
It has been found that great challenges need to be considered before engineering biomimetic individual parts of the tooth such as enamel, dentin-pulp complex and periodontium. In addition, two approaches have been adopted to engineer a BioTooth. The first one was to engineer a BioTooth as an individual unit and the other was to engineer a BioTooth with its supporting structures.
CONCLUSION
Engineering of BioTooth with its supporting structures thought to be in the future will replace the traditional and conventional treatment modalities in the field of dentistry. To accomplish this goal, different cell lines and growth factors with a variety of scaffolds at the nano-scale level are now in use. Recent researches in this area of interest are dedicated for this objective, both in vivo and in vitro. Despite progress in this field, there are still many challenges ahead and need to be overcome, many of which related to the basic tooth biology and its supporting structures and some others related to the sophisticated techniques isolating cells, fabricating the needed scaffolds and obtaining the signaling molecules.
Topics: Biomimetics; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Humans; Tissue Engineering; Tooth
PubMed: 32621282
DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00269-1 -
Dental and Medical Problems 2020Cleft lip and palate (CLP) cause severe malocclusion, which requires numerous orthodontic interventions in specialized centers. There is little literature regarding the...
BACKGROUND
Cleft lip and palate (CLP) cause severe malocclusion, which requires numerous orthodontic interventions in specialized centers. There is little literature regarding the overall orthodontic burden of care for these patients.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study was the evaluation of orthodontic-care burden for patients treated in the Division of Facial Abnormalities at the Department of Dentofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics of Wroclaw Medical University in Poland.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The medical data of patients with complete unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate (ULCP and BLCP) who finished orthodontic treatment between 2012 and 2019 was evaluated. The duration of orthodontic treatment, the number of removable appliances, the number of kilometers traveled as well as the number of visits and surgical procedures performed were recorded. The sample was divided into 2 groups according to the World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) diagnosis codes. All data was subjected to statistical analysis.
RESULTS
For the UCLP patients (n = 54), the mean time of orthodontic treatment was 9.24 years, the mean number of orthodontic appointments was 62.91, the mean number of removable appliances was 4.12, the mean number of surgical procedures was 3.35, and the mean distance traveled to visit the center for orthodontic appointments was 5,466.95 km. For the BCLP patients (n = 19), the mean time of orthodontic treatment was 10.16 years, the mean number of orthodontic appointments was 66.26, the mean number of removable appliances was 4.12, the mean number of surgical procedures was 4.05, and the mean distance traveled to visit the center for orthodontic appointments was 3,758.23 km.
CONCLUSIONS
The orthodontic treatment of patients with UCLP and BCLP is very burdensome for the patients. However, the burden of care in the Division of Facial Abnormalities at the Department of Dentofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics of Wroclaw Medical University in Poland is not greater than in other European countries.
Topics: Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Humans; Malocclusion; Poland
PubMed: 33448166
DOI: 10.17219/dmp/125874 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Orofacial cleft disorders, including cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P), are one of the most frequently-occurring congenital disorders worldwide. The health issues of... (Review)
Review
Orofacial cleft disorders, including cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P), are one of the most frequently-occurring congenital disorders worldwide. The health issues of patients with CL/P encompass far more than just their anatomic anomaly, as patients with CL/P are prone to having a high incidence of infectious diseases. While it has been previously established that the oral microbiome of patients with CL/P differs from that of unaffected patients, the exact nature of this variance, including the relevant bacterial species, has not been fully elucidated; likewise, examination of anatomic locations besides the cleft site has been neglected. Here, we intended to provide a comprehensive review to highlight the significant microbiota differences between CL/P patients and healthy subjects in various anatomic locations, including the teeth inside and adjacent to the cleft, oral cavity, nasal cavity, pharynx, and ear, as well as bodily fluids, secretions, and excretions. A number of bacterial and fungal species that have been proven to be pathogenic were found to be prevalently and/or specifically detected in CL/P patients, which can benefit the development of CL/P-specific microbiota management strategies.
Topics: Humans; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Nasal Cavity
PubMed: 37143743
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1159455 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... Jul 2022Actinic cheilitis is a potentially malignant lesion most commonly found in the lower lip of individuals with chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The aim of this...
BACKGROUND
Actinic cheilitis is a potentially malignant lesion most commonly found in the lower lip of individuals with chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The aim of this study was to develop and to test a clinical index that can be used to assess the severity of actinic cheilitis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The clinical index of actinic cheilitis was applied to 36 patients. An incisional biopsy was obtained to grade oral epithelial dysplasias following the World Health Organization (WHO) and binary systems, and to evaluate their association with clinical characteristics by Fisher's exact test (P<0.05). The accuracy of the index was evaluated based on sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and receiver operating curve.
RESULTS
The blurring between the border of the lip and the skin was significantly associated with cases without dysplasia/mild epithelial dysplasia (P=0.041) and with low risk of malignancy (P=0.005). Ulcers and crusts were significantly associated with moderate/severe epithelial dysplasia (P=0.002 and P=0.012, respectively) and high risk of malignancy (P=0.005 and P=0.045, respectively). Erosion showed a significant association only with high-risk cases of malignancy (P=0.024). The cut-off values of the diagnostic test showing the best performance were 10 for the WHO grading system and 11 for the binary system.
CONCLUSIONS
The index cut-offs with the highest accuracy were considered indicators for a biopsy. Erosion, ulceration and crusts were associated with more severe oral epithelial dysplasias.
Topics: Cheilitis; Humans; Hyperplasia; Lip; Lip Neoplasms; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 35660729
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.25243 -
Head and Neck Pathology Dec 2020Data on the occurrence and clinicopathological characteristics of actinic cheilitis (AC) and lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) are well studied; however, they are based...
Data on the occurrence and clinicopathological characteristics of actinic cheilitis (AC) and lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) are well studied; however, they are based on studies limited to a single centre. Herein, we described the frequency of AC and LSCC submitted to microscopic examination from representative geographic regions of Brazil. A retrospective multicentre study was performed on biopsies obtained from 1953 to 2018 at 10 Brazilian oral and maxillofacial pathology centres. A total of 198,709 biopsy specimens were surveyed. Sociodemographic data and clinicopathologic characteristics were analysed. A total of 2017 cases of ACs (1.0%) and 850 cases of LSCCs (0.4%) were recorded. A strong fair-skinned (> 87%) male (> 70%) predilection was observed in both conditions. The mean age was 54.8 ± 18.7 for individuals with AC and 57.8 ± 19.0 for individuals with LSCC. The most commonly affected site was the lower lip (> 90%). This is a large multicentre study of AC and LSCC from Brazil. The frequency and clinicopathological features of AC and LSCC were similar to those described worldwide. This study provides robust and representative epidemiological data of these conditions for the scientific community.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Brazil; Cheilitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lip Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Young Adult
PubMed: 32077056
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-020-01142-2 -
International Journal of Environmental... Apr 2020Vocabulary skills in infants with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) are related to various factors. They remain underexplored among Mandarin-speaking infants with CL/P....
BACKGROUND
Vocabulary skills in infants with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) are related to various factors. They remain underexplored among Mandarin-speaking infants with CL/P. This study identified receptive and expressive vocabulary skills among Mandarin-speaking infants with unrepaired CL/P prior to cleft palate surgery and their associated factors.
METHODS
This is a cross-sectional study involving patients at the Cleft Lip and Palate Center of the Stomatological Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University between July 2017 and December 2018. The Putonghua Communicative Development Inventories-Short Form (PCDI-SF) was used to assess early vocabulary skills.
RESULTS
A total of 134 children aged 9-16 months prior to cleft palate surgery were included in the study. The prevalences of delays in receptive and expressive vocabulary skills were 72.39% (95% CI: 64.00-79.76%) and 85.07% (95% CI: 77.89-90.64%), respectively. Multiple logistic regression identified that children aged 11-13 months (OR = 6.46, 95% CI: 1.76-23.76) and 14-16 months (OR = 24.32, 95% CI: 3.86-153.05), and those with hard/soft cleft palate and soft cleft palate (HSCP/SCP) (OR = 5.63, 95% CI: 1.02-31.01) were more likely to be delayed in receptive vocabulary skills.
CONCLUSIONS
Delays in vocabulary skills were common among Mandarin-speaking CL/P infants, and age was positively associated with impaired and lagging vocabulary skills. The findings suggest the necessity and importance of early and effective identification of CL/P, and early intervention programs and effective treatment are recommended for Chinese CL/P infants.
Topics: Child Development; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Palate, Soft; Speech; Vocabulary
PubMed: 32357522
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093015 -
The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery Oct 2022Submucous cleft palate, presenting as varying degrees of palatal bony defect, can be difficult to detect in its early stage. The connection between submucous cleft...
UNLABELLED
Submucous cleft palate, presenting as varying degrees of palatal bony defect, can be difficult to detect in its early stage. The connection between submucous cleft palate and cleft lip has been noticed by clinicians but are rarely reported in literature.
AIMS
To investigate the correlation between the degree of deformity of palatal bony defect and that of cleft lip.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Thirty-four patients with unilateral (n = 23) or bilateral (n = 11) cleft lip presenting with submucous cleft palate were included. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the degree of malformation of cleft lip (microform, incomplete, and complete). The length and width of palatal bony defect was then measured from the palatal computer tomography.
RESULTS
In patients with unilateral cleft lip, the proportions of microform cleft lip, incomplete cleft lip, and complete cleft lip were 17.4%, 60.9%, and 21.7%, respectively. In patients with bilateral cleft lip, there were 3 cases with microform and 1 case with incomplete cleft lip on both sides. No correlation was found between the length or relative width of palatal bony defect with the side ( P length = 1.000; P relative width = 0.262) or the severity ( P length = 0.605; P relative width = 0.254) of cleft lip.
CONCLUSIONS
The form of cleft lip presenting with submucous cleft palate varies, and there was no correlation with the length or relative width of palatal bony defect. Advanced imaging techniques for children with cleft lip may assist the early diagnosis of submucous cleft palate.
Topics: Child; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Humans; Language; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 35067530
DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000008458